Since 1892 the monoclinic mineral baddeleyite had been the only natural form of Zr compounds known. Being exceptionally rare it had little importance, and the extremely high melting point of 2750°C posed a hurdle to controlled single-crystal growth, as no existing crucible at the time could hold it in its molten state. Zr compounds began in the minds of scientists seeking a new and versatile material for use in lasers and other optical applications

Stabilization of Zr compounds were realized early on in 1930. It was in the form of a polycrystalline ceramic. Zr compounds were made use of as a refractory material, highly resistant to chemical and thermal (up to 2540°C) attack. Seven years later, German mineralogists discovered naturally occurring Zr compounds in the form of microscopic grains. The discovery was confirmed through x-ray diffraction. Some of the earliest research into controlled single-crystal growth of Zr compounds occurred in 1960s. The technique developed saw a molten Zr compound contained within itself with crystal growth from the melt: The process was named cold crucible. Though promising, these pursuits yielded only small crystals.

The Diamond-Simulant Breakthrough

Russian scientists at the Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow perfected a technique, which was named skull crucible. They named the resultant jewel Fianit, but the name was not used outside of Russia. The fundamental Russian skull crucible protocols are used in the manufacturing process of Diamond Nexus Labs gems today: Water-filled copper pipes provide a cup-shaped scaffold in which powder is packed. The whole apparatus is wrapped with radio frequency induction coils. A stabilizer is mixed with the feed powder, either Y or CaO. RF induction coils function in a manner similar to a microwave. This heating method requires the introduction of a solid piece of metal as a catalyst: The metal is melted by the RF coils and heats the surrounding powder from the center outwards. The cooling water-filled pipes embracing the outer surface maintain a thin "skin" (1 mm) of unmelted feed. After several hours the heat is reduced in a controlled and gradual manner, resulting in the formation of flawless columnar crystals. Prolonged annealing at 1400°C is then carried out to remove any strain. The annealed crystals are then cut into virtually flawless gemstones that simulate perfect diamonds.

The resulting Diamond Nexus Labs diamond-simulant gemstones more lustrous, quenching the excess fire, bringing them in line with mined diamonds. The elements in Diamond Nexus Labs' gem material in order of atomic weights are: C (6), O (8), S (16), Fe (26), Co (27), Ni (28), Y (39), Zr (40), and Hf (72). Consider Diamond Nexus jewels as enhanced laboratory cultured diamonds, cut to perfect proportions for maximum light augmentation. Best of all, their majesty is available at low, down-to-earth prices, all coming with Triple 100% No-Excuses Guarantees that you will not find anywhere when buying mined diamonds. All Diamond Nexus creations are set in 14K Solid Gold, 18K Solid Gold, or Platinum fine-jewelry settings of the highest quality. The craftsmanship of our offerings is unsurpassed.

Skull Crucible "Super Press"